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Yellow CrocusesCommon daisy
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Crocus, Krokusi (Crocus), Ziedi, Pavasara puķes

Crocus

Code: A-043-23
Author: Aivars Gulbis
Photo taken on April 2, 2023
FREE 1000 x 667 px
72 dpi
326 KB
L 5664 x 3776 px
47.96 x 31.97 cm / 300 dpi
18.1 MB

Crocus

Code: A-043-23
Author: Aivars Gulbis
Photo taken on April 2, 2023
FREE 1000 x 667 px
72 dpi
326 KB
L 5664 x 3776 px
47.96 x 31.97 cm / 300 dpi
18.1 MB

Crocus (English plural: crocuses or croci) is a genus of flowering plants in the iris family comprising 90 species of perennials growing from corms. Many are cultivated for their flowers appearing in autumn, winter, or spring. The spice saffron is obtained from the stigmas of Crocus sativus, an autumn-blooming species. Crocuses are native to woodland, scrub, and meadows from sea level to alpine tundra in central and southern Europe, in particular Krokos, Greece, on the islands of the Aegean, North Africa and the Middle East, and across Central Asia to Xinjiang Province in western China.

Crocus
 Kingdom:     Plantae
 Clade:  Angiosperms
 Clade:  Monocots
 Order:  Asparagales
 Family:  Iridaceae
 Subfamily:  Crocoideae
 Genus:  Crocus

Etymology
The name of the genus is derived from the Greek κρόκος (krokos). This, in turn, is probably a loan word from a Semitic language, related to Hebrew כרכום karkōm, Aramaic ܟܟܘܪܟܟܡܡܐ kurkama, and Arabic كركم kurkum, which mean "saffron" (Crocus sativus), "saffron yellow" or turmeric (see Curcuma). The word ultimately traces back to the Sanskrit kunkumam (कुङ्कुमं) for "saffron". The English name is a learned 16th-century adoption from the Latin, but Old English already had croh "saffron".

History
Cultivation and harvesting of Crocus sativus for saffron was first documented in the Mediterranean, notably on the island of Crete. Frescos showing them are found at the Knossos site on Crete, as well as from the comparably aged Akrotiri site on Santorini.

The first crocus seen in the Netherlands, where crocus species are not native, were from corms brought back in the 1560s from Constantinople by the Holy Roman Emperor's ambassador to the Sublime Porte, Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq. A few corms were forwarded to Carolus Clusius at the botanical garden in Leiden. By 1620, the approximate date of Ambrosius Bosschaert's painting (illustration, below), new garden varieties had been developed, such as the cream-colored crocus feathered with bronze at the base of the bouquet, similar to varieties still on the market. Bosschaert, working from a preparatory drawing to paint his composed piece spanning the whole of spring, exaggerated the crocus so that it passes for a tulip, but its narrow, grass-like leaves give it away.

Description
The cup-shaped, solitary, salverform flower tapers off into a narrow tube. Their colors vary enormously, although lilac, mauve, yellow, and white are predominant. The grass-like, ensiform leaf shows generally a white central stripe along the leaf axis. The leaf margin is entire.

A crocus has three stamens, while a similar-looking toxic plant, colchicum, sometimes popularly referred to as "autumn crocus", has six stamens. In addition, crocus have one style, while colchicum have three.
en.wikipedia.org

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